THE late season run of snapper in Port Phillip Bay has been a beauty.

Reports continue to come in of fish from 3kg to 8kg being hooked from Carrum to Mt Martha in about 19-20 metres.

Good catches have been had off St Leonards and in Corio Bay.

However, as so often happens when there is a good run of fish, there has been an increase in the number of anglers who cannot help themselves – or should that be help themselves to more than they are allowed?

Fisheries Victoria officers say more anglers have been catching more than the legal limit of snapper and hiding them.

Fisheries Victoria director of field services Michael Hodder said two boats were discovered with illegal catches hidden aboard during an Easter blitz.

“One of those involved 35 fish and in the other the angler suffered the embarrassment of having his illegal cache unveiled in front of spectators at Sandringham,” he said.

In early May, another two boats were caught in similar circumstances.

“At Black Rock we found a man had hidden snapper under trays of his tackle box and another boat at Mordialloc had 71 snapper aboard, eight of them undersized and 50 hidden in the folds of the canopy,” he said.

“Two men in their 60s will be charged on summons after the Mordialloc discovery.

“In all four cases, the actions of the fishers have been to deliberately deceive the Fisheries officers, and these actions will not be tolerated.”

Another man will be charged on summons over the Black Rock incident and another six infringement notices were issued.

Fisheries officers also reported an unwelcome rise in the number of people taking undersize snapper in Port Phillip Bay.

Officers have issued more than 40 infringement notices during recent patrols.

Five people have appeared in court and have been fined from $250 to $750 for taking too many snapper.

Anyone who sees or suspects illegal fishing should report it on 13 FISH (13 3474).

The Murray River may be devoid of Murray cod from Barmah to Wentworth but the species, and the rare and endangered freshwater catfish (Tandanus tandanus), have been a surprise discovery in Hughes Creek at Avenel near Seymour.

A cooperative approach to preserving native fish habitat and controlling pests in Hughes Creek resulted in the surprise discovery.

“We haven’t seen or heard of the catfish in this creek for many years, though it is present at the Tahbilk Lagoon near Nagambie,” Arthur Rylah Institute scientist Jarod Lyon said.

Freshwater catfish are listed as threatened under the Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act 1988.

They were once one of the most common big-bodied fish in the Murray-Darling Basin.

“Part of the creek is home to a strong population of the threatened Macquarie perch and ARI has been working with Goulburn Broken Catchment Management Authority to get pest fish species out of the creek, particularly European carp, to reduce pressure on the perch,” Mr Lyon said.

“During the follow-up survey work along the creek we found the freshwater catfish, Murray cod, golden perch and Macquarie perch in the same waterholes,” Mr Lyon said.

“The recent strong water flows down the creek helped move these fish into the area.

“It is extraordinary to find three threatened species in one water hole in a section.”

• Digg this
• Post to del.icio.us
• Post to Newsvine
• Post to Facebook
• Add to kwoff
• Fark
• Post to Stumble Upon
• RSS
• What is this?

Weekly Times is not responsible for the content of external sites.

In season: Terry Hayden shows off a snapper he caught last week in Corio Bay.

On a hot day last summer, biologists from Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks ventured to Danaher Creek, deep in the Bob Marshall Wilderness, and caught hundreds of young purebred westslope cutthroat trout.

The fish made the 24-mile journey out of the wilderness on the backs of mules, packed in water-filled coolers fed with bottled oxygen. Once out of the wilderness, they were transported to their new home at the Sekokini Springs hatchery in Coram.

“We had 100 percent survival,” FWP biologist Matt Boyer told interested anglers last week.

Many of those fish and their offspring will have a new home in the Necklace Chain of Lakes in 2012 as part of an ongoing effort to preserve westslope cutthroats in the South Fork.

Since 2007, the Westslope Cutthroat Trout Conservation Project has slowly, but surely, been replacing non-native fish and hybrids in lakes in the South Fork drainage in an effort to preserve some of the last remaining purebred strains of westslope cutthroats in the nation.

This year, the effort will continue in the Necklace Chain of Lakes in the Bob Marshall Wilderness. In late August, FWP biologists and technicians will treat the small lakes and a portion of the outlet stream with rotenone, a chemical that kills fish.

Rotenone is not hazardous to humans, but it prevents the absorption of oxygen across a fish’s gills. Death comes quickly. Rotenone was first used by South American and Asian natives to catch fish. It was originally derived from the roots of the derris plant, a pea species from Asia, and the lonchocarpus plant, from South America.

Rotenone will be hauled in by mules and applied to the Necklace Chain of Lakes. Biologists will cut the bladders of dead fish that rise to the top to prevent attracting bears and other birds.

The treatment can linger up to three months, biologists note. A chemical that neutralizes rotenone will be applied downstream from the outlets of the lakes to prevent harm to fish further downstream.

All told, the treatment will take a few days. The following spring, the effects of the rotenone will have dispersed, and the lakes can be re-stocked with purebred westslope cutthroat trout.

Prior to treatment, lakes in the conservation project were rife with non-native fish, including rainbow trout, rainbow-cutthroat crosses and yellowstone cutthroat crosses. The worry among biologists is that the continued hybridization of westslope trout with non-native fish eventually will wipe out the purebred cutts in the South Fork.

To date, Black, Blackfoot, Big Hawk, Clayton and Wildcat lakes have been treated and re-stocked. Many of the lakes are fishing well already, Boyer said, and some lakes already have natural fish reproduction just a year after being re-stocked.

Several other lakes are being treated through an effort known as “swamping,” where hundreds of purebred westslope cutthroat trout are added to a lake that contains hybrid fish. As the fish breed overtime, it’s hoped that the hybrid genetics will be squeezed out of the population.

All told, the entire project will cover 21 lakes in the Bob Marshall and Jewel Basin area. Biologists have also teamed up with the Backcountry Horsemen of the Flathead for packing services.

There are challenging waters ahead. Handkerchief Lake poses challenges because the outlet stream, Graves Creek, is short and flows into the Hungry Horse Reservoir. Biologists will have to be careful not to kill trout in the reservoir itself.

One the of the last lakes to be treated will be Sunburst, a large lake in the Bob Marshall that will need thousands of pounds of rotenone for treatment

—————

A state hatchery in Coram recently received the final funding it needs to complete its construction. The Sekokini Springs Westslope Cutthroat Isolation Facility, located off the North Fork of the Flathead River near Blankenship Bridge, is one of two hatcheries in Montana where wild, genetically pure strains of trout are accepted.

The Northwest Power and Conservation Council recently approved about $1.8 million in funding for the state-run hatchery that’s been operating as an advanced conservation hatchery for more than a decade. The funding will be used over the next few years to finish the hatchery’s master plan, which calls for an outdoor pond and stream habitat to complement the indoor isolation facility.

While other hatcheries rely on the state’s only westslope cutthroat brood stock at the Washoe Park Trout Hatchery in Anaconda, Sekokini Springs will serve as a diversity resource for Montana waters that have lost genetically pure strains of westslope cutthroat trout over the years, said Fish, Wildlife and Parks biologist Brian Marotz, who helped manage the Sekokini hatchery since it was acquired by the state in 1998.

Sekokini Springs operated as a private rainbow trout farm for about 40 years on land leased from the Flathead National Forest. The state acquired the improvements, including a 60-by-40-foot building with concrete raceways, for about $70,000. The building was insulated to prevent condensation, damaged siding was replaced, and the artesian springs that supply the facility were capped and piping was installed to secure the water supply from airborne contaminants.

Sekokini Springs is used to quarantine juvenile cutthroat collected from wild sources. The fish are held in raceways, tested for disease and genetic purity, and eventually certified for use as a hatchery resource. FWP has identified about 50 genetically pure strains in the wild to draw from, mostly in South Fork drainages. Cutthroats in other drainages have been exposed to hybridization with rainbow and Yellowstone cutthroat trout strains.

Ironically, Sekokini Springs may have been a primary source for rainbow hybridization in the lower Flathead River system. The hatchery likely “leaked” fish over the years into the North Fork Flathead River, Marotz said. The hatchery now is entirely contained, and its waste water is disposed of through a special drainfield.

With the new funding, the building will be expanded, and two large, still-functioning ponds will be restored and converted into four ponds. Another pond will be created to grow wild feed. Grasshoppers and meal worms already are being cultivated at the hatchery.

That Could be Your Fishing Pond

It’s a dream many pondmeisters share. Young son or daughter, in the boat, enjoying the outdoors on your very own fishing pond. Birds flit above, something with scales spanks water’s surface not far from the boat.

For years, pond and lake owners carefully practice pond and lake management tactics. Proper fish stocking, adding cover or fish structure, fish feeding, pond fertilizing, dealing with runaway aquatic vegetation growth.

Long years, short years, go by raising the family, working hard at what you do. Stealing time to go fishing, and enjoying your pond and the outdoors.

Recently, there have been a number of pond owners who let us know if what they are doing is working and they are having a ball. Here are a few photos and some stories to share.

Johnny Tanner, III is a wonderful family man from Carrollton, Georgia. He takes care of a fourth generation grocery business while being the quintessential husband and father, doing what good men do. Of course, his bride takes pretty good care of him, too. She makes great chicken pie. I know that, first hand.

Johnny lives on a lake, plus has property with its own lake, a pet lake project dating years ago. Eight or ten years ago, Johnny renovated the lake just outside of town, restocked it with fish, and is doing everything he can do to have the greatest bass lake he can create.

He is exceptionally passionate about it. He believes in lake management. He believes in proper fish stocking. He believes in God and Country.

In the meantime, Johnny has spent countless hours doing what he can do with the lake behind his home. It’s a community lake with few rules, and few helpers. Over time, Johnny has added fish cover, especially Christmas tree brush piles. He has kept logs of his bass catches, tagged fish, and kept pretty good records. He has tagged fish weighing four to nine pounds.

He has a new story to tell.

Here are his words.

“On September 26, 2004, my son John (who is 8 years old and uses a baitcaster) and I were at Lake Carroll in Carrollton, Georgia about to go for a ride in the boat. I suggested we put a fishing rod in the boat. While we are out there we might as well fish a little bit. Fishing conditions were terrible but we put a rod in anyway. After an hour we had not caught anything. Winds were from the east at 15-20 mph. (Isn’t there a saying that if the wind is from the east the fish bite the least?) It was the day Hurricane Jean was coming up the eastern coast.

“John had picked out a 1/2 oz white spinnerbait. It was 7:00 pm and I cast it out 3 or 4 times trying to find some submerged trees. We had put out several trees in an area using the old pickle bucket method (May – June 1999 Pond Boss article X Marks The Spot). When I finally came across the top of them a bass hit and almost took the rod out of my hand. It was pulling the drag pretty good when I asked John if he wanted to bring it in.

“I handed the rod to John and immediately he said ‘Daddy the fish is going to pull the rod out of my hands.’ I repositioned his hands so the left hand was in front of the reel and the butt of the reel was in his stomach. It was a standstill for what seemed like an eternity. Finally, John started to get some line back on the fish as I moved the boat closer in her direction. John got the trophy bass closer and when she saw the boat, she went straight down. I thought for a minute that the rod was either going in the lake or going to break in half.

“My son John was straining with all he had.

“Finally, the fish came up and I almost had a stroke. I reached down and picked up the giant bass and brought her in the boat. The hook immediately came out of the fish’s mouth. At this point I had no idea how much this fish weighed because I had never, ever seen one this big.

“I had a set of Normark digital scales in my tackle box that went up to 10 pounds. When I put her on the scales, they started flashing like they were broken. I tried it again and again they flashed double zero. Finally, I let the fish down easily on the scale and watched them register 4 pounds the 5 then 6… .7… .8… .9… .then flash. I knew we had the bass of our lives. (My biggest bass ever is 9 pounds 3 oz. which I tagged and released in this lake).

“We got back to the dock and I had another digital scale that went up to 15 pounds. When I put her on those scales they registered an amazing 12 pounds and 4 ounces. I checked the scale when I got back home and it was correct to the ounce.

“The first thing John said is ‘Daddy, can my name be on the plaque,’ which I replied that he had done more work than I had so yes when we get her mounted we will both be on the plaque. What I didn’t tell him is that if I had known the fish was that big, he probably wouldn’t have gotten the rod.

“We kept her alive for a couple of hours in a cooler full of lake water and I debated whether to release her or keep her. I finally thought that in that particular lake I have records going back to 1994 of releasing between 150 and 200 bass that I have personally tagged. Their weights are from 4 pounds to 9 pounds. I also knew that a bass this big probably would have been in the neighborhood of 15 years old or more and had very little life left. So I decided to keep her. It was a tough decision, but when I saw the look on John’s face, and quickly reflected about my life, fishing with my Dad, and looked back at John, it was an obvious decision. I knew John may never see a fish this large again. We have always practiced catch and release and continue to do so.

“Lake Carroll is about 150 acres and full of Crappie and Gizzard Shad. The bass (even the big ones) have plenty to eat.

“Now, Little John and I have a fishing story that neither one of us will ever forget.”

Then there’s 30 acre Fin & Feather Club Lake in Atlanta, Texas. Gordon Pynes and his neighbors are conscientious about pond management in their pristine east Texas fishing hole. A number of people live around the lake and this club works to educate their members. Years ago, the lake was a vegetated mess full of algae and aquatic vegetation, when one of the members took it upon himself to become the caretaker. He had a pond management agenda, one that didn’t necessarily jibe with the rest of the membership. After all, they hadn’t done much pond management, except stocking a few fish now and then. The proactive member got their attention; they united and created a good pond management strategy. They limed the acid water lake to adjust the ph levels, fertilized the pond as needed, set up some fish feeders, and began culling slot bass.

The results on their fishery have been predictably amazing.

Electrofishing surveys have yielded bass larger than twelve pounds. Take a peek at the photos of recent fish collected, weighed and measured.

Then, there’s Stan Graff. You might remember the Pond Boss Magazine cover story several years ago. Stan has had hundreds of gar removed from his 30 acre lake in northeast Texas. With fish feeding stations, and moderate aquatic vegetation control, the program has yielded quick results. Slot sized bass, without competition, have grown to look like footballs with a mouth.

You can’t wipe the grins off the guys’ faces. Fishing is fun again at Flagg Lake.

Everyone enjoys looking at giant fish. But, knowing the effort it takes to provide the best habitat, best forage fish, best genetics and best pond management to create a moment in life is staggering to think about. Everything must come together at the right time, at the right place. Even when the stars line up, there’s no guarantee what you do will work. But, here are three shining examples where pond management has paid off.

POND BOSS Magazine is the world’s leading resource for fish, pond and fisheries management information including discussions on muddy water, raising trophy fish, fish feeding, building a pond, algae control and more. Check us out at www.pondboss.com or contact Bob Lusk, the Pond Boss himself, at 903-564-5372. His books, Basic Pond Management, Raising Trophy Bass and Perfect Pond, Want One, may be purchased by calling 800-687-6075 or ordering online at www.pondboss.com

Pond Boss moderator Dave Davidson examines a crawfish trap. Pondmeister Johnny Tanner, from Carrollton, Georgia, has a small pond where he raises crawfish to feed his bass in a larger lake. Inset: Oronectes, ‘papershell crayfish’ from Missouri.

Any bass angler who fishes Midwestern ponds or lakes can testify to the importance or frequency of finding remains of crayfish in stomachs of largemouth bass (LMB). When food habits of LMB were studied at Murphy Flowage, Wisconsin many years ago, the most prominent forage item was crayfish. A conclusion of the study was that LMB were not an effective predator on the high-density population of slow growing bluegill (BLG). Biologists failed to recognize that panfish outweighed the total weight of LMB by about 10:1. Apparently when LMB have relatively little competition for food they chose crayfish over forage fish. What would you choose in your favorite cafeteria offering free food, lobster or fish?

A sidelight of the Murphy Flowage studies was a major effort to improve BLG growth rate by removing as many fish as possible with large seines. Large seines have relatively large mesh and were effective at harvesting the largest fish of the adult population. It was a surprise to discover that subsequent to the removal, BLG growth rate declined. Harvesting adult bluegill resulted in reduced competition for food, an explosion of bluegill reproduction and a dramatic increase in BLG numbers in the lake.

More recent studies have shown that in order to have a balanced population of BLG with good growth and fish of quality (6-inch) and larger sizes, at least 90% annual mortality of age-I and age-II BLG (1.5 to 3.5 inches long) is needed: i.e. 10,000 age-I reduced to 1000 age-II which are reduced to 100 age-III. BLG of this size and age are prey for LMB 12 to 15 inches long. In well balanced communities of BLG and LMB a favorable total weight ratio is 3 or 4 to 1 at any point in time.

Two other unsuccessful efforts to improve growth rate and size structure of forage are informative. In one case, in Wisconsin, adult northern pike were introduced into a population of stunted yellow perch. The result was a decline in the number of quality-size perch. A second case in Nebraska was an effort to reduce numbers and improve size distribution of bullheads by stocking an effective predator, adult flathead catfish. In both cases the introductions did not result as intended because both predators were selective for the largest of the forage available in the lake. The principle learned is the importance of the relationship between size of predator and size of prey.

Back to the question of crayfish. The rusty crayfish (Orconectes rusticus) is an unwelcome visitor in some northern lakes. It has been introduced by anglers using crayfish as bait… not the first time the bait bucket has been a source of an introduction. The impact in many of these lakes has been loss of valuable habitat and native aquatic plants.

I had a similar experience with a different species of Orconectes in a one-acre fishing pond in Missouri. The pond was about 8 feet deep and with clear water. There was a ring of vegetation growing to a depth of 7 feet. In mid-summer the pond looked like a donut with a small opening in the deepest part. Fishing was difficult or impossible except in early spring.

In the fall I had the opportunity to introduce about 10 gallons of crayfish, a byproduct of some other fishing pond research. From my perspective the result was a success. The following year water transparency declined to about 2 feet and vegetation was limited to water less than 2 feet deep. It was easy to fish the pond from shore all summer long. The species of crayfish in this genus do not burrow but have a strong thigmotaxis–a desire to be touching something. In native habitat that could be a log or rock that they could get next to or under. In clay-bottom ponds they work to form a shallow depression where they rest during the day. This tactic may help to avoid predation.

In a small shallow pond without fish and wall-to-wall vegetation, I introduced a small number of Orconectes. The next summer the pond looked muddy; the water transparency was reduced to a few inches and a plant hook came back empty. The aquatic plants were gone. The impact of the crayfish was excessive.

In an established fishing pond with an excess of rooted vegetation into deep water the introduction of Orconectes might yield positive results by improving conditions for fishing, increasing capacity for production of LMB, possibly promoting better wind induced circulation, an improved oxygen profile and a reduction or avoidance of excessively high pH due to decreased aquatic plant mass. The problem is how to find a source of Orconectes?

Fish farmers often produce crayfish in minnow ponds. There, crayfish can be a liability because they injure minnows when ponds are seined or harvested. On fish farms, crayfish are an unwanted byproduct. It is unlikely to find crayfish in catfish ponds because they are a preferred food item.

An easy source of crayfish is the red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) sold for human food. Production is a major industry in rice fields. Although Orconectes prefers to feed on vegetation, the red swamp crayfish can be carnivorous and eat insect larvae, tadpoles, snails and small fish. Such food habits would not be an asset in most fishing ponds. Red swamp crayfish have been introduced into many areas. An undesirable attribute of the genus and a relative, Cambarus, is the habit of burrowing. Burrowing activity can damage water control structures, dams and levees. P. clarkii is an intermediate host for parasitic helminthes of vertebrates. Because of adverse affects, efforts for eradication have been attempted in some areas.

What might a pond owner do to introduce something with limited ability for natural dispersion that would feed primarily on plant material or detritus and increase the production of food for fish? A critter that has appeal to me is a different decapod, Palaemonetes, a freshwater prawn also called glass shrimp. They are relatively small, up to 2 inches long, and free swimming. I introduced some into a sediment trap pond above a 35-acre lake in Missouri. They moved downstream and have persisted in the lake for many years.

What about simply buying red swamp crayfish and using them as supplemental food for LMB? Sure, it has been done, countless times. As a pond manager, your job is to learn the facts and make the best decisions you can make. One pondmeister, in central Oklahoma, has bought different kinds of living supplemental food for his bass for years. During the crayfish season, he might buy 2,000 pounds to stock into his 10 acre lake. His mission is to supplement the natural food chain. For him, it works. His bass are so overcrowded that crayfish don’t stand a chance to establish themselves. There is relatively little crayfish habitat and so many bass that the mudbugs don’t stand much of a chance at survival. Advantage, bass.

But, look at another real world case. In 1984, lake manager Billy Cooper, from Houston, Texas, helped renovate a well-known fishing lake that sits less than fifteen miles from the Texas coast. The lake was drained, bulldozers did their magic, rearranging heavy clay soils in the flat country. The lake refilled and restocked with forage fish to set the table to grow giant largemouth bass.

Within months, the lake looked like chocolate milk. What happened?

This 30 acre lake sits in the middle of rice country along the Texas gulf coast. After the bulldozers left, the landowner seeded part of the lake bottom with rye grass and let it grow to six inches before flooding the lake in January… about the time crayfish are feeding and growing as fast as they can.

The source of the muddy water was literally hundreds of pounds of growing, thriving crayfish, fighting for food and for space and stirring bottom clay soils. These creatures were outcompeting the fish, overeating the food chain and making the lake muddy.

After a concerted effort at trapping, crayfish numbers were reduced to the point that fish could begin to thrive and the water cleared well enough the lake could perform as wished. In this case, crayfish cost the landowner some time and were a problem.

Crayfish asset or liability? The best answer is, it all depends. If they are introduced under appropriate circumstances, it would be important to prevent overharvest of LMB and maintain numbers and sizes to take advantage of an increased food supply. If you get a good population established you may decide to trap out a mess to make a poor-man shrimp cocktail or a New Orleans gumbo. Bon Apetit.

POND BOSS Magazine is the world’s leading resource for fish, pond and fisheries management information including discussions on muddy water, raising trophy fish, fish feeding, building a pond, algae control and more. Check us out at www.pondboss.com or contact Bob Lusk, the Pond Boss himself, at 903-564-5372. His books, Basic Pond Management, Raising Trophy Bass and Perfect Pond, Want One, may be purchased by calling 800-687-6075 or ordering online at www.pondboss.com

Pond Boss subscriber Shane Howell of Dallas stepped on rocks near one of five shoreline feeders surrounding his spanking-new 30-acre Oklahoma lake. He pushed the timer button, then stood back to watch the action as thousands of tiny protein-laced nuggets pelted the water’s surface.  

Hundreds of young bluegill and fathead minnows welcomed the offering, and quickly dispensed with the free meal, in a frenzy fit for starving piranha.

“We designed and stocked this lake to become a trophy bass lake,” Howell said with a smile, “and part of our management plan is to feed the baitfish.”

Feed the baitfish? What gives? Why put protein pellets in the water that the top-end gamefish may or may not eat?

Those are questions many fish pond owners ask themselves. Should you feed your pond fish? Nationwide, biologists disagree on the issue of feeding pond fish.

Proponents point out that high-protein pellets supplement the natural food supply in a fish pond and directly boost growth-rates among certain species, while indirectly improving the rates on some others. Rainbow trout, for instance, can be fed like so many barnyard chickens.

Then again, you might hear some negatives, such as: It’s a commitment. The cost is prohibitive. Feeding causes fish to congregate, altering their behavior. It’s like welfare. Pellets aren’t “natural” in a pond. Water quality is changed, forever.

So’s which side is right? Here’s how to decide the issue for yourself.

If you want to expedite growth-rates of bluegill, catfish and trout, or if you want to increase standing crops of fish in your pond, the answer is simple. Feed the fish.

For every two pounds of protein-rich, pellets (I recommend the floating variety) a group of fish consumes, those fish collectively gain a pound. The fish in your pond now weigh one more pound than before. Two pounds of feed, a pound of fish, and so on.

Let’s look a little deeper into the numbers. The best fish foods cost about 30 cents a pound. So, 60 cents of feed grows a pound of fish.

Stocked any fathead minnows lately? Priced at $10 a pound, fathead minnows can not compete with commercial pellets when it comes to feeding your pond fish.

Trying to grow huge largemouth bass? So many Pond Boss readers are.

Ol’ Bucketmouth won’t dare eat a prepared, pelleted diet. Heck, sitting atop the food chain, with a mouth big enough to swallow a cantaloupe, bass can eat anything in the pond, especially living critters. Bass snub tiny little pellets. Largemouth have bigger fish to fry, so to speak.

But what does a largemouth love to eat? Bluegill. And Mr. Bluegill loves to eat pelleted fish food.

Aha. Feed the fish that feed the bass. By so doing, you have created your own miniature food chain.

A well-managed pond, covering half a surface acre up to three acres, can grow and maintain 200-to-300 pounds of channel cat or trout along with 200-to-300 pounds of forage fish, per surface acre. That’s with an abundant supply of bluegill and other forage species. But, if you were to add high-protein fish food, the same pond can easily double that production.

Arguments arise. Is feeding a commitment? You tell me.

Much of the U.S. has at least 200 days of growing season, slightly less in the Upper Midwest and northern New England, fewer still in Canada. For the sake of creating a model feeding program for a mythical pond, let’s just say you intend to feed only three or four days, maybe five days some weeks.   

Your fish consume all of what you feed, say four pounds a day per surface acre of water. Over the course of 150 days, you feed 600 pounds of feed. Those 600 pounds of feed yield 300 pounds of fish, doubling your ponds natural production capabilities.

Do the math: Six hundred pounds of feed, at 30 cents a pound … $180. Less than $200 to put 300 pounds of weight on your fish. Cheap. I consider that a bargain.

Can you feed more? Sure, but be careful.

Two pounds of feed yields a pound of fish, but there is a balancing act to consider. For every pound you feed to the fish, there’s a pound of nutrients, some converted to energy, some processed by the fish and expelled into the water as waste. When waste dissolves in your pond, the water must process it.

Too much feed can result in too many pounds of fish, too many pounds of waste, and ultimately, problems with your water quality, if your pond water can not work with Mother Nature to clean up the extra mess. In extreme cases, I have seen overfed ponds end up with massive die-offs related to poor water quality and low levels of dissolved oxygen.

Feeding catfish? Grow Mr. Whiskers to two pounds, then catch and eat the little darling. Want bigger catfish? Stock lower numbers in the beginning. Want to name them? Stock fewer yet.

In short, do not overfeed, or plan on removing a few fish as you go along. Otherwise, your fish and your water quality will suffer.

Here’s one of my Rules of (Wet) Thumb: Never feed more than 10-to-20 pounds of floating fish food, per surface acre, per day.

Theory can get a little complicated, since young, fuel-burning fish, converting at a rate of 2-to-1, will eat 3 percent of their body weight per day during the growing season. So, keep your feeding program simple.   

To keep it simple, I recommend that in most sportfishing ponds that you feed no more than twice a day, for brief durations, once in the morning, once in the late afternoon. Feed only what the fish will clean up 10-to20 minutes. Otherwise, you’re wasting your money to watch the wind and waves carry your pellets to the other side of the pond.

Either way, keep your feeding program simple and consistent. Feed from the same place, same time, each day. As your fish grow, you may discover that where you once were feeding for production, now you are feeding to maintain. That’s when you reach decision time.

Do you feed the same amount of feed, to the same number of fish that stay the same size? Or do you reduce numbers to increase individual size?

Some biologists contend that feeding fish is akin to welfare. It creates an artificial environment. Point well taken.

Granted, when you offer pellets to a fish, it tends to leave the real world of fish-eat-fish. But it’s a balancing act. The fish you feed are not necessarily taken out of competition, but they compete less with other fish for natural prey in your pond.

In that regard, feeding pellets makes “more” natural food, to be distributed among all fish, not just a few. This increases a pond’s ability to support fish — the very point of pond management.  

Critics say a feeding station tends to congregate fish, to pull them away from their natural underwater home. Absolutely. When the dinner bell rings, fish come from as far as 100 feet away.

Bluegill and minnows surface to attack the pellets, then disappear just as quickly as they came. Hybrid stripers can put on quite a show of force when they gulp down pellets. Bass take note, too. A big bass will not be attracted to the pellets, but to the creatures partaking of the free offerings.

After all, bass won’t turn down an easy meal either. Bluegill eat fish food; bass eat bluegill eating fish food. In nature, there’s always a payback.

Too many fish can jeopardize water quality, so feed less or reduce the number (or size) of the fish. One option is adding an aerator. The tiny air bubbles bursting at the surface help Mother Nature to combine oxygen and sunlight in helping to flush or “burn” the waste products.

Rule of (Wet) Thumb: Buy good fish food. Read the bag tag, make sure the feed contains at least 28-to-32 percent digestable protein. Read the ingredients, looking for the words “fish meal.” If you don’t see those words, don’t buy the food.

For best results, use only feed intended for fish. Feed dog food to dogs, monkey food to monkeys. Your fish deserve the real meal deal.

When it comes to feeding, pond owner Shane Howell has it figured out.

“Since our goal is to grow trophy bass, and this is the first year our lake has been stocked,” he said, “we decided to grow as much baitfish as possible, to grow the biggest bass possible.”

Howell knows that it takes at least 10 pounds of baitfish for his bass to gain a pound. In his fishing hole in south-central Oklahoma, five feeders pitching out 10 pounds of feed each day will set the buffet table for his bass to grow as fast, and as large, as they can.

Howell has done the math … 10,000 pounds of feed over 200 days will produce an extra 5,000 pounds of baitfish for the 1,500 Florida bass fingerlings he recently stocked. That’s an extra 170 pounds of baitfish per acre, (above what the lake produces without feeding) that will make his bass grow to large sizes much more quickly than a “normal” lake of similar size.

The irony of Shane’s program is that when he buys $3,000 worth of feed, the largemouth will be growing rapidly, without eating so much as one pellet.

POND BOSS Magazine is the world’s leading resource for fish, pond and fisheries management information including discussions on muddy water, raising trophy fish, fish feeding, building a pond, algae control and more. Check us out at www.pondboss.com or contact Bob Lusk, the Pond Boss himself, at 903-564-5372. His books, Basic Pond Management, Raising Trophy Bass and Perfect Pond, Want One, may be purchased by calling 800-687-6075 or ordering online at www.pondboss.com