Fish Habitat Award Winners Honored at Jim Range National Casting Call
THURSDAY, 21 APRIL 2011 15:08
(Washington, DC) – The winners of the National Fish Habitat Action Plan (NFHAP) Awards were honored for their extraordinary achievements at the Jim Range National Casting Call on Friday, April 15th on the grounds of the C&O Canal National Historic Park, along the banks of the Potomac River in Washington, DC.

Maureen Gallagher (Midwest National Fish Habitat Partnership Coordinator for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service), Mark Johnson (District Manager, Coos Bay District Office, BLM), Andy DuPont (Glen Lake Association), Dr. Stephen Brown (NOAA) were all recipients National Fish Habitat Awards for 2011.
This was the fourth year the NFHAP Awards have been handed out, recognizing outstanding achievements in Fish Habitat Conservation.
The NFHAP Award winners for 2011:

Maureen Gallagher, Midwest National Fish Habitat Partnership Coordinator for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service received the Jim Range Conservation Vision Award in support of Fish Habitat.

Award Presented by: Rowan Gould, Acting Director, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

Background:
Maureen Gallagher was instrumental in the recognition of five new Fish Habitat Partnerships. Maureen worked across Fish Habitat Partnership and US Fish and Wildlife Service regional boundaries, and developed a committee of Midwest state Fish Chiefs to weigh in on large scale National Fish Habitat Action Plan issues.

Through her vision and leadership, a Science Advisory Network was established including science expertise at all NFHAP levels. She worked with this group to fund and conduct basinwide assessments to help FHPs prioritize habitat efforts. This assessment effort was expanded to the Great Plains Fish Habitat Partnership.

On a national scale Maureen helped develop the National Fish Habitat Action Plan through participation on several committees to develop guidance and provide recommendations to the National Fish Habitat Board. She provides technical expertise in partnership building, fundraising and strategic planning to Fish Habitat Partnerships nationwide. Maureen is well known as an advocate and spokesperson for the Fish Habitat Partners and the National Fish Habitat Action Plan. Her thoughts and actions that relate to the Action Plan are always on target and in the long term interest of the success of this program to all involved.

Mark Johnson, District Manager for the Coos Bay District office for the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), accepted the award for Extraordinary Action in support of Fish Habitat Conservation Award.

Award Presented by: Tom Mendenhall, Senior National Fisheries Program Manager, Bureau of Land Management (BLM)

Background:
The Bureau of Land Management’s Coos Bay District Office (CBDO) has been in the forefront of efforts to restore habitat for native fish species on the southern Oregon coast over the past two decades. Numerous stream and riparian restoration projects at varying scales have been implemented by the CBDO over that time, but the scope and extent of the restoration work has increased substantially over the past 5 years as an outcome of developing partnerships with private landowners, watershed councils, and other state and federal agencies.

Dr. Dana Infante – Assistant Professor, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University and Dr. Stephen Brown- Chief, Assessment and Monitoring Division (NOAA/NMFS), each accepted the award for Scientific Achievement in support of Fish Habitat Conservation on behalf of the National Assessment team for Michigan State University and NOAA, for their work on the National Status of fish habitats 2010 Report.

Award Presented by: Stan Moberly, past President, American Fisheries Society, National Fish Habitat Board

Background:
The NFHAP 2010 Assessment Team conducted an assessment of fish habitats in all 50 states at a scale and level of detail never before attempted. Their efforts included numerous steps, including: amending existing geospatial reference systems to their needs; searching out, collecting, and evaluating data sources; in some cases converting the data for their use: developing statistical methodologies; and seeking review of the assessment results.

Almost two dozen scientists from five academic and federal government institutions participated in the work, sharing ideas and solving problems in a true spirit of intellectual cooperation. The results of this team’s efforts have been used to publish the first comprehensive report, titled: Through A Fish’s Eye: The Status of Fish Habitats in the United States 2010 Report, on the status of fish habitat in the US, which will be used by aquatic habitat conservation policy-makers and practitioners to support and prioritize fish habitat conservation efforts.

The team has also laid the groundwork for recurring assessments to ascertain trends in fish habitat over time, which will help the National Fish Habitat Board determine where fish habitat conservation efforts are making a difference.

Andy DuPont, President, Glen Lake Association, accepted the Outreach and Educational Achievement Award in support of Fish Habitat Conservation.

Award Presented by: Kelly Hepler, National Fish Habitat Board Chairman

Background:
The Glen Lake Association is a grassroots organization of over 800 individual and business members. They work to protect and improve the Glen Lake watershed, which is recognized as an “interim priority watershed” in Midwest Glacial Lakes Partnership’s Strategic Plan. Through numerous outreach and education campaigns, the Glen Lake Association protects the Glen Lake watershed from aquatic invasive species, physical habitat degradation, and water quality impairment, while promoting aesthetic and recreational enjoyment by riparian owners and the public. The many programs that the Association implements serve many purposes including, providing high-quality status and trend data on the health of the aquatic ecosystem, and to engage and educate the community on the importance of long-term monitoring and the health of their local resources.
________________________________________

Award Winner Quotes:
Maureen Gallagher: “I am truly honored to accept such a prestigious award. Working with the National Fish Habitat Action Plan has been a rewarding experience for me both professionally and personally. Truly I accept this award on behalf of all of the partners involved in the Action Plan. Success stories through the Action Plan truly take a team effort.”

Mark Johnson: “The conservation work that has been done in the Coos Bay region of Oregon is nothing short of amazing. The Coos Bay staff of the BLM in all aspects is responsible for making a difference, by working in partnership with businesses and landowners to make a significant impact in Aquatic Conservation in Oregon.”

From Dr. Dana Infante: “The work that went into the assessment for the status report, took a great deal of effort to organize and compile. This would not have been possible if it weren’t for the great team that I have to work with at Michigan State University. We look forward to the challenge of completing the next assessment of our national waters.”

From Dr. Stephen Brown: “The NOAA assessment team really pulled a lot of critical information about our estuaries and coasts in a short amount of time for this report. Working in coordination with the Michigan State team took a lot of teamwork which resulted in a quality assessment of our national waters.”

The National Fish Habitat Awards presentation was just a portion of the program for the Jim Range National Casting Call. Other agencies represented for the Monday event included The American Fly Fishing Trade Association (AFFTA) and the Recreational Boating and Fishing Foundation (RBFF) and numerous other partners that help make the Jim Range National Casting Call a success every year.

Spring Gobbler Strategies
Early Morning Early Morning Calling Midmorning Afternoon
Roosting Birds Decoy Setup
Turkey Hunting Weather Conditions

Calm Days Windy Days Rainy Days Snowy Days Hot Days

Early Morning Setups    

Listen for gobbler thunder from a ridge top, knoll or similar high spot at dawn. The higher you hunt the easier it is to hear and course faraway gobbles. If a bird roars on a nearby oak flat or just off the point of a ridge, great! Sneak quietly down into calling position.

The first time a turkey gobbles, don’t tear down the woods running to him. Keep cool; slip 25 to 50 yards in the direction of the gobble; and check up. A tom will usually gobble 2 or 3 more times, and hopefully more than that. Listen to those calls and draw a solid line to the bird’s roost tree.

Using ridges, hollows and foliage for cover, you should have no trouble sneaking within 200 yards of a roosted turkey. Whenever possible, try to cut the distance to 125 or even 100 yards. The less terra firma between you and a bird, the better the odds that he’ll pitch down and drift to your calls at daybreak.

For some strange reason, most toms are reluctant to pitch from their limbs and strut downhill to calling. Try to position above a roosted bird, or at least on the same gradient plane with him.

As you approach a gobbling turkey, scan the woods for a fence, creek, gully or strip of thick brush, and maneuver to take any hazard large or small out of play. Strive to set up where the terrain is gently rolling and fairly open, which makes it easy for a tom to strut toward your calls.

The best strategy of all is to anticipate where a gobbler will go to gather hens, then set up to block his way. Is there a field, food plot, clear-cut, burn or open creek bottom within a half-mile or so of a tom’s roost tree? If so, beat feet over in that direction and settle in. When the turkey flies down and heads for his strut zone, you’ll be in good position to cut him off and coax him with calling.

Early Morning Calling      

Let’s say you do it right and slip within 100 yards of a roosted turkey that is gobbling hot and heavy. The more the bird roars, the more you feel an uncontrollable urge to cluck and yelp. But be careful! Too much calling at first light can hang a tom on his limb as he waits for the hot “hen” to sail or walk beneath his roost tree. And the longer he sits up there and fails to see a girl, the more he smells a rat. When the bird finally flies down 30 minutes later, there’s a good chance he’ll run the other way.

So fight the urge to call too early. Wait until pink illuminates the sky. Then give a bird some pillow talk to let him now you’re there. A couple of sultry tree clucks and yelps are about right.

If the turkey bellows shut the heck up! He has honored you as a hen, he likes what he heard, and he knows where you are. Let him fly down and come looking for you. But if the tom fails to gobble, cluck and yelp a little louder to focus his attention in your direction.

If he still doesn’t talk, it’s no big deal. Listen for the bird to fly down, then hit him with a spirited hen cackle. Try flapping a Primos turkey wing against your leg to sound like a hen pitching to the ground. If the tom gobbles and steps your way, you might not need to call again. But if he hangs up after 5 minutes or so, cluck, yelp and purr a little louder. As long as the turkey hangs around and gobbles keep playing the game. Most hunters move too quickly on toms that might eventually strut to their calls 30 minutes or so after fly-down time.

Midmorning Tactics Back Up

Turkeys might gobble like crazy on the roost. But for an hour or two after daybreak the woods may fall as quiet as a mausoleum. That’s because the hens and toms are courting and breeding. Toms strut and drum but gobble little if at all as they have their fun. The so-called “gobbling lull” is the toughest time of day to hunt.

But along about 9 o’clock some hens begin to leave some of the gobblers. Some girls simply lose interest in the boys, while others slip off to lay eggs. Lovesick toms are driven to be around hens all the time in the spring, so they immediately begin searching for more company. Some rowdy 2-year-old males may start gobbling hard in hopes of attracting new hens. Older long beards strut and drum intensely, and they are stoked to shock gobble.    

“Gobblers strut around all morning, and suddenly they look up and their hens are gone,” says my friend Harold Knight of Knight and Hale Game Calls. “They almost fly into a panic. If you slip around the woods and call, those lonesome turkeys will hear you and gobble. If they gobble a couple of times at your calls, they’re generally pretty easy to call in.”

There’s another big reason the midmorning hours are hot. You’ve got plenty of elbow room to do your thing. “Most hunters have gone home or to work,” notes Knight. “A lot of the gobblers that were called to and maybe spooked first thing in the morning have settled back down. The woods have calmed down and the turkeys are back on their normal routine. If you’ve got the day off, hang in there. You’ll have the woods to yourself as you call to those lonely gobblers.”

Beginning around 9:00 a.m. walk old logging roads, field edges, foot trails on ridges…you get the idea. Pause often and listen for gobbles. Try to strike toms with calls. ”

I like to blow a hawk or crow call,” says Knight. “Lonely turkeys have so much pent-up energy that they’ll often shock gobble at those sounds. The minute a turkey gobbles, I move in, set up in a good spot and switch over to soft hen calls.”

If locator calls fail to produce, turn to turkey calling. “My favorite calls are loud yelps and especially cutts,” says Knight. “If a gobbler’s hens have left and he’s strutting around by himself, he’ll nail a sharp cutt most of the time.”

Knight offers one exception to the rule of calling aggressively to strike toms. “When I hunt a public area late in the season, I figure most of the gobblers are call shy,” he says. “So I tone down my calling. I still cover lots of ground and call down into hollows and around fields, but I yelp and cutt softer and not as much.”

Afternoon Strategies      

Combined, more than 25 Southeastern, Midwestern and Western states permit all-day turkey hunting in the spring. If you live in or travel to one of these states you can experience some great action beginning after lunch and continuing until roosting time. Most of the early-morning hunters are out of the woods. But the gobblers are still there, most of ’em deserted by hens and stoked to gobble at your locator calls or hen cutts.

But keep this in mind. You can’t expect a turkey to gobble 50 or more times in the afternoon like he might first thing in the morning. Most birds won’t even gobble as much as they might around 9 or 10 a.m. You need to crow call or hen cutt and listen closely for a faint gobble or two. Then move in and listen for softer sounds, like a turkey strutting or walking in the leaves. A lot of turkeys, especially old Easterns, will gobble only once or twice in the afternoon, but they’ll come to your calls fast and silently.

Afternoon hunting generally peaks from around 2 to 4:30 p.m., but you might as well hunt right up until dark some days. Gobblers love to roost within 50 to 200 yards of hens. If a turkey hears you yelping and cutting late in the day, he might come in to roost in the area. Better yet, he might run over to check out the hen before he flies up.

Roosting Toms Back Up

One of the oldest tricks in the book in to “put a gobbler to bed.” On spring evenings hit the woods and listen for a turkey to gobble when he flies up to roost at dusk. If a bird doesn’t roar on his own, owl hoot, crow call or hen cutt. Hopefully one or more birds will gobble and give away their roost trees. Even if no toms talk you should listen for heavy wings thumping up into the treetops.

If you hear a turkey gobble or fly up, you know where to hunt the next morning. Slip into the area well before first light, set up 100 to 150 yards away from a turkey’s roost and wait for tom to roar. Then give him your best calling.

“A roosted turkey sure ain’t a roasted turkey!” goes an old Southern saying. That’s right. You might come back the next morning and a turkey you roosted won’t gobble. Or he might gobble his fool head off, fly down and run straight away from your calling. You just never know. Still, you should try to roost a few birds each spring. It sure never hurts to plan a morning hunt in an area where you put a gobbler to bed the night before.

Decoy Setups

We’ve developed a love-hate relationship with decoys over the years. Granted, some lovesick toms run to fakes. But we’ve watched far too many birds stop 50 yards out, explode into strut and wait for the “hen” to walk the rest of the way to them. Here’s a good way to cut down on some of those hang-ups.

Stake a fake hen 20 yards past a calling setup. This puts you smack between the decoy and the gobbling turkey you’re yelping to. If the bird works in and stops 50 yards from the imposter, great! He’s 30 yards or so off the end of your shotgun barrel.

A few final notes: Pack two foam hens and a foam jake (from Feather Flex or Carry Lite) in your vest. Set the trio on their stakes; they’ll spin enticingly in the breeze to catch the eye of a gobbler. Setting a jake (or strutting Tom) with a hen or two is important, as a mature gobbler will sometimes see him and come in to kick his butt (the old guy thinks the jake is courting a hen). Decoys work best in fields, logging roads and other open areas where gobblers can spot them a long way off.

If the turkeys wont come to your calling, try letting the decoys do the talking for you. Just setup two or more decoys in an open area and wait.

Turkey Hunting Conditions Back Up

Calm Days     

As a rule turkeys gobble best on clear, calm, high-pressure mornings in the spring. Stand on a ridge or bluff at dawn and you’re apt to hear birds gobbling a mile or more away in all directions.

Not only can you hear well on a nice day, your calls also ring true and carry far. Any mouth or friction call works well. Since yelps and cutts carry nicely, you don’t have to hammer away on calls. Soft to moderately loud calling is most realistic.

In the fall flocks are vocal on calm days. Pause on a hardwood ridge and you might hear birds clucking, yelping and purring 200 to 400 yards away. Listen for birds flying down from a roost, or scratching in the leaves for feed.

About the only down side to a calm day is that turkeys might hear you coming and spook, especially when the fallen leaves are dry and deep in October or November. In this case try to walk along field edges, logging roads and the like. Pause often to call and listen for turkeys calling back or scratching.

Windy Days Back Up

Wind is the bane of turkey hunters. For one thing birds don’t gobble very much after they’re been whipped around in trees all night. Same thing in the fall; birds don’t feel like roost clucking or yelping much after windy nights. Even if birds gobble or yelp a few times you probably can’t hear those calls because of a stout breeze.

Here are a few ways to fight the wind. ·

Hunt early in the morning. The wind often dies at dawn and stays down for an hour or so before it starts to whistle again.
Check for single birds or flocks roosted on the lee sides of ridges, hills or points.
In midmorning and afternoon, check for strutters or flocks loafing in hollows, draws, creek bottoms and other low, wind-broken habitats.
Use friction calls. High-pitched box and pot-peg calls seem to pierce to wind better than diaphragms.
If a turkey gobbles back at your calls, set up quickly and be ready. Since the wind limits your hearing a tom is likely closer than he sounds.

Rainy Days Back Up      

Turkey hunting is poor in heavy rain. The birds are neither vocal nor active, so there’s really no reason to get out there and get drenched. But say one morning a low front passes through. The sky brightens and the sun pops out after a night of downpours or storms. Hit the woods! In the spring many toms start gobbling for hens. And in the fall flocks begin to move around and feed.

If it’s misty, foggy or raining lightly put on a rain jacket and go hunting. Some toms gobble great on gray days.

On rainy mornings in the spring turkeys tend to stay in their roost trees longer than normal. I’ve called to gobblers that didn’t fly down until 7:30 or even 8:00 a.m. Same thing in the fall, flocks linger in trees well after first light. Keep this in mind as you walk around and call.

Fields, food plots, power line rights-of-way and similar open areas are great places to check for single turkeys or flocks on rainy days. Many turkeys don’t like to hang around in dripping woods, largely because their hearing is impaired. They move out into openings where they can hear better. Also the birds try to avoid water-soaked brush and saplings.

Forget about using wooden box calls or natural slates with wooden pegs-they won’t ring true on rainy or misty days. Use a diaphragm or an aluminum or glass pot with a carbon striker. Of course diaphragm or tube calls work okay.

Snowy Days Back Up

Snow is not uncommon if a state’s fall turkey season runs into December. And every once in a while you might run into some white stuff on a spring hunt in the Midwest, North or West. A couple of years ago I hunted in New Mexico in May. One night it snowed a foot, and the next morning the toms gobbled like crazy!

Expect turkeys to roost in warm, sheltering evergreen trees on cold, snowy nights. Pockets of pines or cedars on the lee sides of hills or ridges are great places to check for birds. The next morning the turkeys will stay in the trees longer than normal. When they fly down, toms often linger beneath the conifers to strut or feed where the ground is bare.

Try tracking turkeys in snow. Look for fresh tracks and upturned leaves where birds raked for food. Keep a sharp eye ahead. Turkeys are easy to see against a canvas of snow. But then so are you! To keep roosted or feeding birds from spotting you, move slowly and use ridges, draws and other terrain breaks for cover.

If it’s still snowing lightly when you hunt, use a diaphragm, tube, aluminum or glass call. Keep wooden calls and strikers in your vest because they’ll be affected the moisture.

Hot Days

In the spring the sun is intense and the days heat up rapidly, especially in the South. Whenever I hunt in Texas, Mississippi, Florida, etc., I key on shady cover beginning around 10 a.m. or so. When the temperature soars into the 70s or 80s and the sun shimmers on the black backs of toms, they often move into cool, shadowy creek bottoms, oak hammocks, live oak mottes and the like. Sneak close to these strutting/loafing areas and crow call or cutt-you’re likely to make a turkey shock gobble.

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NASA is partnering with other federal agencies to fund new research and applications efforts that will bring the global view of climate from space down to Earth to benefit wildlife and key ecosystems. NASA, the U.S. Geological Survey, National Park Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Smithsonian Institution will provide $18 million for 15 new research projects during the next four years. Organizations across the United States in academia, government and the private sector will study the response of different species and ecosystems to climate changes and develop tools to better manage wildlife and natural resources.

Fish and Wildlife Service announces proposal to delist Morelet’s crocodile
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has announced a proposal to remove the Morelet’s crocodile from the Federal List of Threatened and Endangered Wildlife under the Endangered Species Act, due to recovery of the species, which is found in Mexico, Belize and Guatemala. The Service determined that the species is no longer threatened with extinction.

Long winter complicating bison, elk management

Bozeman Daily Chronicle
The late winter in southwest Montana is keeping animals at lower elevations than normal this year and making managing elk and bison tricky. The Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks has delayed opening some wildlife management areas in southwest Montana to give elk more time in their winter range before opening the areas to recreation.

World to lose forest area 27 times as big as Austria

AFP via Yahoo News
The world stands to lose 230 million hectares of forest by 2050, with drastic consequences for the climate, biodiversity and the global economy, according to the WWF wildlife campaign group. “Those responsible — policy-makers and industry — are sawing away at the branch we’re all sitting on,” WWF’s head of forests, Philipp Goeltenboth, said in a statement, noting that the area projected to be lost is 27 times the size of Austria.

Once nearly extinct, the California condor nears new milestones

CNN
Almost 25 years after the California condor went extinct in the wild and dwindled to just 27 birds in captivity, North America’s largest flying bird is on the verge of a watershed moment: Its total population is projected to hit 400 this spring, including 200 birds thriving in the wild. The projections come as curators are reporting a successful hatching season at breeding centers in California and elsewhere.

Nepal rhino census shows increase

WWF
Data from the three-week National Rhino Census in Nepal shows that the population of the greater one-horned rhinoceros (Rhinoceros Unicornis) has increased. There are 534 rhinos in Nepal, marking an increase of 99 rhinos from the 435 recorded in the last census in 2008.

Trapping threatens near-extinct Philippine eagle

Physorg
Conservationists have raised alarm over the future of the near-extinct Philippine eagle after several maimed or diseased birds were retrieved from captivity in recent months. The Philippine Eagle Foundation said that since last December it has rescued four of the birds, which are among the world’s largest raptors, suggesting conservation laws have not deterred trapping.

Hundreds of endangered whales swarming New England coast

OurAmazingPlanet
A record number of critically endangered right whales are crowding the chilly waters off Cape Cod, Mass. Researchers counted more than 100, and possibly as many as 200, animals during recent aerial surveys, the Boston Globe reported, a number that could represent nearly half the entire known right whale population that remains on Earth. Right whales, one of the rarest kinds of baleen whales, are teetering on the brink of extinction. Only about 450 to 500 North Atlantic right whales are thought to remain on the planet.

Many causes behind catastrophic amphibian declines

LiveScience
Many species of frogs and other amphibians around the world are on the brink of extinction, but the causes have remained elusive. A new report finds the reasons are much more complex than realized. No one issue can explain all of the population declines that are occurring at an unprecedented rate, and much faster in amphibians than most other animals, scientists conclude in a study published in the Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.

TOP FISHING NEWS: NJ Legislator Calls for Hearings After Funding Lost for Artificial Reef Programs

by Brandon
Published on 04-21-2011 02:41 PM

Many coastal states have made a increased effort over the years to increase the number of artificial reels to replace lost fish habitat and enhance existing habitat. New Jersey was recently notified by the federal government is that it will be terminating funding for New Jersey’s artificial reef program because the state has failed to comply with fishing regulations near the reefs, Assembly woman Alison Littell McHose called for an immediate hearing on bipartisan legislation she has sponsored that would bring New Jersey into compliance with the federal rules.

“Not only will the loss of this funding hurt our state’s tourism industry and businesses such as tackle shops and charter and party boats, but it’s unfair to the 800,000 recreational anglers and divers who will suffer because state lawmakers failed to take appropriate action to protect the reefs and much needed federal dollars for the program'” explained McHose, R-Sussex, Morris and Hunterdon.

“For years, various outdoor organizations have appealed to legislators to bring New Jersey into compliance with the federal Sport Fish Restoration Act (SFR),” she continued. “Unfortunately, those pleas have fallen on deaf ears. As a result, our recreational fishermen, who paid to have these reefs constructed, are the ones who will have to endure the consequences.”

McHose is a co-sponsor of A-1152 which would limit commercial fishing on New Jersey’s artificial reefs that are located in federal waters. Specifically, the measure would prohibit any person from using, leaving unattended, setting or deploying fishing gear, other than rod-and-reel, hand line spear or recreational gig, within 100 feet of artificial reefs created under the Division of Fish and Wildlife’s artificial reef program.

According to SFR regulations, the artificial reefs are meant for hook and line, and spear fishing only. Commercial fishermen however, have been using fixed gear on the reefs in violation of federal rules. Since the state has failed to rectify the situation, it is in violation of SFR rules which has resulted in the loss of federal funding.

Five states along the Atlantic coastline have brought their reef programs into compliance with federal regulations including Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, Virginia and New York. Delaware is in the process.

McHose said Assembly Democrat leaders should post the bill for an immediate hearing and move it quickly through the legislative process to minimize the effects of the funding loss. The Senate last month approved an identical bipartisan measure, S-221.
(pictured are the locations of New Jersey’s current reef locations)

Here’s to hoping New Jersey pulls things together to continue to allow the great fishing and habitat that the reefs provide.
Brandon, Chief Angler, TidalFish.com
All Fishing, All the Time!

By Brendan Trembath

Updated Wed Apr 20, 2011 5:51pm AEST

Use old oil rigs as fish nurseries, scientists say Researchers believe fish could find refuge within the rigs and be safe from the trawlers.

AUDIO: Oil rigs could have new ocean friendly role (The World Today)
Australian marine scientists are proposing leaving thousands of decommissioned oil rigs in their deep-sea spots indefinitely to become long-term fish nurseries.

The huge chunks are of steel are meant to be removed when they reach the end of their productive life, but the scientists say their approach could save the oil industry millions of dollars and protect vulnerable fish nurseries.

The Deepwater Horizon disaster a year ago showed deep sea oil exploration at its most destructive.

Eleven workers were killed and almost 5 million barrels of oil leaked into the Gulf of Mexico.

Now marine researchers at University of Technology Sydney are pondering the future of the more than 6,000 rigs still in the sea.

“There’s a huge number that are due for decommissioning – they’ve reached the end of their production life, there’s no more oil left and the question is what do we do with these structures?” Dr Peter Macreadie said.

“There’s actually not much habitat in the deep sea – not a lot of hard structured habitat, not a lot of reef and so by adding more reef the idea is that maybe you can boost production, you can boost the amount of fish.”

But it would take some major legislative changes to put the proposal into practice.

“Current legislation requires rigs to be dismantled and removed and recycled onshore if they can be recycled,” Dr Macreadie said.

“But we’re actually starting to think maybe there’s a much better use for those rigs and in some cases there actually isn’t the technology to remove these rigs.

“They’ve been in operation for 20-odd years and now we’re wondering actually, in removing them are we actually causing more problems than if we left them in place or if we moved them into the deep sea to form artificial reefs?”

Protection for species

Dr Macreadie says illegal fishing trawlers going through deep-sea areas are decimating coral reef communities and fish species.

“What’s really devastating about that is that these organisms that live in the deep sea, they’re slow growing, they reproduce very late in life and they are very vulnerable to exploitation,” he said.

“To give you an example, the orange roughy takes about 30 years until it can reach sexual maturity and breed.

“They form huge aggregations around structures in the deep sea and structures are very rare.

“When they form those aggregations fishermen have become aware of this and they can remove entire populations, generations and generations with one swoop of their net.

“So the idea is with rigs – which have a lot of hollow internal space – the fish could find refuge within those rigs and be safe from the trawl fisheries.”

Dr Macreadie says researchers do not know how long the defunct oil rigs will take to disintegrate.

“But we can say that many of these rigs have been in production for 30-odd years and they’re showing very little signs of decay, but at some point they will eventually disintegrate in the deep sea,” he said.

Dr Macreadie and his UTS colleagues have written an article published in the US journal Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment.

They hope to stimulate a rational debate about the future of the world’s rigs.

Dr Macreadie says he does not work for, consult, or own shares in any company or organisation that would benefit from the proposal.

Coral reefs in crisis – But they have vast potential

Humans are stopping proper functioning of reefs
April 2011: In an unprecedented collaborative analysis, scientists from 49 nations demonstrated that the ability of reef fish systems to produce goods and services to humanity increases rapidly with the number of species.

COMPLEX: But coral reef systems function best when there is more biodiversity

However, growing human populations hamper the ability of reefs to function normally, with the most diverse reef fish systems suffer the greatest impairments from stressors triggered by human populations.

‘Coral reefs provide a range of critical goods and services to humanity – everything from nutrient cycling to food production to coast protection to economic revenues through tourism,’ says Camilo Mora at Dalhousie University in Canada and lead researcher of the study. ‘Yet the complex nature and large-scale distribution of coral reefs is challenging scientists to understand if this natural ecosystem will continue working to deliver goods and services given the ongoing loss of biodiversity in coral reefs.

Study involved 2,000 coral reefs worldwide
‘Numerous experiments have shown that biodiversity has positive effects on several ecosystem processes, although the number of species required to ensure the functionality of a given process is fairly low, as many species often have similar ecological roles,’ says Michel Loreau from Canada’s McGill University, a co-author of the study. ‘What remained largely unknown, however, was whether the results of experimental studies reflect what happens in real ecosystems.’

To fill this unknown, 55 researchers, in a two-year study, collected the necessary data to determine whether biodiversity influences the efficiency of reef fish systems to produce biomass, and if so, work out the role of humans in such a linkage.

The team collected demographic data on human populations as well as environmental and biological data on the identity of species, their abundances and body sizes in almost 2,000 coral reef locations worldwide. The data on abundance and body size were used to calculate the cumulative weight of all fishes on each reef (also called standing biomass), which is one of the main services reef fishes provide to humanity through food supply but also a very close proxy for how effectively ecosystems produce biomass.

‘The more biodiversity the better’
‘The results of the study were stunning,’ says Kevin Gaston at Sheffield University. ‘While experimental studies have elucidated that the biomass production of ecosystems stabilises after a certain number of species is reached, this field study demonstrated that the production of biomass in reef fish systems did not saturate with the addition of new species.’

‘This study shows, quite simply, that the more biodiversity, the better,’ says Marah Hardt with OceanInk. ‘The benefits appear limitless, if we allow ecosystems to operate at their full potential.’

Michel Kulbicki of the French Institute for Research and Development said: ‘This strong relationship clearly indicates that species interact in such a way that their combined effect is larger than the addition of their individual parts and that the loss of species can have far-reaching consequences in the functioning of coral reefs.’

The study also demonstrated that standing biomass reduced with increasing human density, although for the same number of people the reduction of biomass was significantly larger in more diverse ecosystems.

‘Curbing human population growth is at the core of finding ultimate solutions for the protection of biodiversity’
‘It’s been usual to expect that diverse ecosystems could lose a few species without it mattering very much because the high redundancy of species should allow the replacement of any species that is lost,’ said Peter F. Sale, assistant director of the Institute for Water, Environment and Health of the United Nations University, who was not involved in the study.

‘The results of this study now suggest that we do not have such insurance and that reef ecosystems are at greater risk from human pressures than we previously thought.’

The negative impact of humanity on reef fish systems can be widespread, as some 75 per cent of the world’s coral reefs are near human settlements and could worsen, as 82 per cent of countries with coral reefs are expected to double their human populations within the next 50 to 100 years.

‘Unfortunately, we find again and again that our global population cannot be sustainably supported without the deterioration of the world’s natural resources and the resulting backlash on human welfare,’ says Mora. ‘Thus, identifying socially and politically acceptable solutions to curb human population growth is at the core of finding ultimate solutions for the protection of biodiversity and the prevention of unnecessary hardship.’

‘This is a critical situation,’ says coauthor Sebastian Ferse from the Leibniz Center of Tropical Marine Ecology. ‘It underlines once again that current management approaches are insufficient to protect marine biodiversity on a large scale, and that holistic approaches combining natural and social systems are needed.’

However it was not all doom and gloom. The study reported that at least 25 per cent of the world’s reefs remain distant from direct human effects. Those reefs are located on small and isolated areas where human habitation is sparse. ‘These few reefs are in stark contrast with degraded sites, and may still be able to act as sources to replenish others. This is a fortunate situation that can buy us some time while we figure out effective solutions to this coral reef crisis.’

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